August 30, 2021

Every culture has an alcohol

It’s always been interesting to me that in a world before globalisation, almost every culture, country, or continent ‘invented’ an alcoholic beverage. Rice in Japan, Wheat/Rye in England or Germany, Grapes in France. This was at a time where there was no cross-continent, instant knowledge transfer like there is now, so no one could learn from another. The different beverages – sake, beer, and wine, for example, were all discovered at different times and in different ways, in independent, closed cultures across the world, but people still got drunk and, largely, enjoyed it.

This is the concept of equifinality – the same outcome but different paths to get there – and it doesn’t just happen with alcohol. Agriculture, Weapons, Food and many other major developments in human evolution all lead to the same place but by vastly different means and influences.

What does equifinality mean for art? Well, it means that Felix Mendelssohn can bring a tear to an eye, and so can Charles Dickens. It means Arthur Streeton can reveal a vision of Australia that shows us something different, and so can Joseph Zbukvic. It means that no one medium is ‘better’ than another in expressing something or provoking an audience reaction. It means that, if we focus on the outcome rather than output, we can get there, even if it’s not how we expected it would happen.

Other observations
July 7, 2026

Polishing the rice

What can I learn from how brewers help or hinder the flavour profile of rice when they’re making sake?

June 30, 2026

14,500 days unnoticed

If I’ve only noticed the sunrise a handful of times out of tens of thousands of daily opportunities. What else have I missed?

June 23, 2026

Ready? Catch!

If we never know when the world will offer us a new idea, how can we best prepare for the moment when it inevitably comes?

June 16, 2026

Brain, Heart, Hips and Feet

If you feel like dancing, you probably wouldn’t book last minute tickets to a Chopin concert. So what’s bad music? And can bad books exist?

June 9, 2026

Exposure matters less and less

What changes in an art practice when the sharing of the work one makes becomes secondary to making the work in the first place?

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